• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a shaft (1) for a mobile watch having a projecting portion (11) of greater radius (RMAX) about a pivot axis (D). The projecting portion (11) is delimited by two surfaces (14; 15) defining a profile (12) inscribed in a rectangle (R) whose shape ratio is greater than 2, whose direction of the length (LR) defines a main axis (DP). The invention also relates to a watchmobile having such a shaft (1) made of steel, and oscillating around a rest position defined by a rest plane. In said rest position, said main axis (DP) occupies a determined angular position relative to said rest plane. The invention also relates to a mechanism comprising such a mobile and having a preferred direction of magnetization (DA). In said rest position, said main axis (DP) is orthogonal to said preferred magnetization direction (DA).
    公开号:CH707791B1
    申请号:CH00665/13
    申请日:2013-03-26
    公开日:2017-05-15
    发明作者:Zaugg Alain；Sarchi Davide；Karapatis Nakis；Verardo Marco
    申请人:Montres Breguet Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention relates to a watch mobile shaft, capable of being subjected to a magnetic field, and consisting at least in part of a material sensitive to magnetic fields, and intended to pivot around a pivot axis and having at least one projecting portion of larger radius about said pivot axis.
    The invention also relates to a watchmaker having such a shaft, said shaft being made of steel, said mobile oscillating about a rest position defined by a rest plane passing through said pivot axis.
    The invention further relates to a mechanism comprising such a mobile recalled to said rest position by elastic return means, said mechanism having a preferred direction of magnetization.
    The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such mechanism.
    The invention further relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement, and / or comprising at least one such mechanism.
    The invention relates to the field of watch mechanisms, in particular the field of regulating members, in particular for mechanical watches.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0007] The regulating organ of a mechanical watch is constituted by a harmonic oscillator, the balance spring, the oscillation frequency of which depends mainly on the inertia of the balance and the rigidity elastic of the spiral.
    The oscillations of the spiral balance, otherwise damped, are maintained by the pulses provided by an exhaust generally composed of one or two pivoting mobile. In the case of the Swiss lever escapement, these pivoting mobiles are the anchor and the escape wheel. The march of the watch is determined by the frequency of the sprung balance and by the disturbance generated by the impulse of the escapement, which generally slows down the natural oscillation of the sprung balance and thus causes a delay in running.
    The march of the watch is disturbed by all the phenomena that can alter the natural frequency of the sprung balance and / or the time dependence of the impulse provided by the exhaust.
    In particular, following the transient exposure of a mechanical watch to a magnetic field, operating defects (related to the residual effect of the field) are generally observed. The origin of these defects is the permanent magnetization of the fixed ferromagnetic components of the movement or the cladding and the permanent or transient magnetization of the moving magnetic components forming part of the regulating organ (sprung balance) and / or the exhaust .
    After exposure to the field, the magnetized components (balance, spiral, exhaust) magnetically or magnetically permeable are subjected to a magnetostatic torque and / or magnetostatic forces. In principle, these interactions modify the apparent rigidity of the sprung balance, the dynamics of the escape mobiles and the friction. These modifications produce a fault that can range from a few tens to a few hundred seconds a day.
    The interaction of the watch movement with the external field, during the exhibition, can also lead to stopping the movement. In principle, the arrest in the field and the residual run-out are not correlated, because the arrest in field depends on the transient magnetization, sub-field, of the components (and therefore of the permeability and the saturation field). components), while the residual run fault depends on the residual magnetization (and therefore, mainly, the coercive field of the components) which can be low even in the presence of a significant magnetic permeability.
    After the introduction of the spirals made of very weakly paramagnetic materials (for example, silicon), the spiral is no longer responsible for the running defect of the watches. The magnetic disturbances still observable for magnetization fields below 1.5 Tesla are therefore due to the magnetization of the balance shaft and to the magnetization of the escapement wheels.
    The anchor body and the escape wheel can be made of very weakly paramagnetic materials, without their mechanical performance being affected. On the contrary, the shafts of the mobiles require very good mechanical performances (good tribology, low fatigue) to allow an optimal and constant pivoting in the time, and it is therefore preferable to manufacture them in hardened steel (typically carbon steel type AP or the like). However, such steels are materials sensitive to magnetic fields because they have a high saturation field combined with a high coercive field. The balance, anchor and escape wheel shafts are currently the most critical components in the face of the magnetic disturbances of the watch.
    In particular, the balance shaft is the most sensitive component for chronometry (residual effect), because a disturbing torque of magnetic origin acting on the shaft directly modifies the oscillation frequency of the balance- spiral, and this modification is, in principle, unlimited (it depends solely on the intensity of the residual magnetic fields and the rigidity of the spiral), while a disturbance of the exhaust function gives a limited walking defect by the nominal exhaust delay (the resulting disturbance can not be much larger than the disturbance already produced by the exhaust under normal conditions). SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0016] The invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
    For this purpose, the invention relates to a clockwork mobile shaft, capable of being subjected to a magnetic field, and consisting at least in part of a material sensitive to magnetic fields, and intended to rotate around a pivot axis and having at least one projecting portion of greater radius about said pivot axis, characterized in that at least said projecting portion is delimited, on either side of said pivot axis, by two surfaces, which define, in projection on a plane perpendicular to said pivot axis, a profile inscribed in a rectangle whose ratio of length to width defines a shape ratio which is greater than or equal to 2, the direction of said length defining an axis main.
    In one embodiment of the invention, at least one rectangular profile portion delimited on two antagonistic sides by said two surfaces, which comprises said shaft, comprises at least one cutout centered on said pivot axis and extending along a principal axis which is that of the length of said rectangle.
    In one embodiment of the invention, said two surfaces are symmetrical with respect to said pivot axis.
    In one embodiment of the invention, said two surfaces are flat and parallel to said pivot axis.
    The invention also relates to a watchmaker having such a shaft, said shaft being made of steel, said mobile oscillating about a rest position defined by a plane of rest passing through said pivot axis, characterized in that that, in said rest position of said mobile, said main axis occupies a determined angular position relative to said rest plane.
    In one embodiment of the invention, said steel shaft has a high saturation field of value greater than 1 T, a maximum magnetic permeability greater than 50, and a coercive field greater than 3 kA / m.
    The invention also relates to a mechanism comprising such a mobile reciprocated to said rest position by elastic return means, said mechanism having a preferred direction of magnetization, and characterized in that, in said rest position, said main axis is orthogonal to said preferred direction of magnetization.
    In one embodiment of the invention, said mechanism is an escape mechanism, and said mobile is a pendulum brought to said rest position by at least one spiral spring, and said shaft is a balance shaft .
    The invention also relates to a watch movement comprising at least one such mechanism.
    The invention also relates to a watch comprising at least one such watch movement, and / or comprising at least one such mechanism.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents, in the form of a three-dimensional diagram, a first variant of a mobile shaft according to the invention, comprising machining of revolution about a pivot axis, including a protruding part of larger radial size than the others, this shaft having two lateral surfaces symmetrical with respect to this pivot axis, and at a distance from one another such that the aspect ratio of this projecting portion, in projection along a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis, is greater than 2, and where the largest dimension, called "main axis" extends orthogonally to a direction of preferential magnetization of the immediate environment of the mobile; fig. 2 is similar to FIG. 1, a second variant of the mobile shaft according to the invention, wherein the projecting portion is of rectangular profile with a shape ratio greater than 2, and where some parts constituting supports of other components are also rectangular profile; fig. 3 shows a variant of FIG. 2, wherein the protruding portion and another rectangular profile portion have cutouts extending along their largest dimension; fig. 4 is a schematic end view in the direction of the main axis of the shaft of FIG. 2, and with a gray coloration all the more intense as the remanent field is high, after its exposure to a magnetic field in the direction of preferential magnetization of the environment of the mobile; fig. 5 illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic pairs exerted on a traditional balance shaft according to the graph GT shown in broken lines, and on an optimized shaft according to the invention according to the graph GO is shown in solid lines. On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm; fig. 6 is an end view, in the direction of the pivot axis, of a shaft according to FIG. 1, and illustrated as the transformation of a tree completely of revolution and larger radius RMAX; fig. 7 represents, in the form of a block diagram, a timepiece, comprising a movement comprising a mechanism comprising a mobile equipped with a shaft according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0028] The invention relates more particularly to the field of clocking devices for mechanical watches.
    The invention proposes to limit the magnetic interaction on a mobile shaft, in particular on a balance shaft.
    The invention thus relates to a mobile shaft with geometry configured for magnetic environment, capable of being subjected to a magnetic field, and consisting at least in part of a magnetic field sensitive material.
    The invention can allow watches with spiral, anchor body and nonmagnetic escape wheel to withstand, without stopping, magnetic fields of high intensity, of the order of 0.5 Tesla , without the mechanical performances (chronometry and aging of the mobiles) being affected.
    The implementation of the invention reduces the residual effect of watches with hairspring, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel less than one second per day.
    By convention, in the present description "axis" refers to a virtual geometric element such as a pivot axis, and "shaft" a real mechanical element, made in one or more parts. For example, a pair of pivots 2A and 2B aligned and reported on either side of a median portion 6 of a mobile 10, to guide it in pivoting is also called "tree".
    In the remainder of the description, "magnetically permeable" materials are defined as materials having a relative permeability of between 10 and 10,000, such as steels, which have a relative permeability close to 100 for rocker shafts. for example, or close to 4000 for steels commonly used in electrical circuits, or other alloys whose relative permeability reaches values of 8000 to 10 000.
    The term "magnetic materials", for example in the case of polar masses, materials capable of being magnetized so as to have a residual field between 0.1 and 1.5 Tesla, such as for example the "Neodymium Iron" Boron "with a magnetic energy density Em of 512 kJ / m3 and giving a residual field of 0.5 to 1.3 Tesla. A lower residual field level, towards the lower part of the range can be used when combining, in a magnetization couple, such a magnetic material with a magnetically permeable antagonist component of high permeability, closer to 10,000. in the range of 100 to 10,000.
    "Materials" whose characteristics are: saturation field Bs> 0 at temperature T = 23 ° C, coercive field Hc> 0 at temperature T = 23 ° C, maximum magnetic permeability pR> will be called "ferromagnetic" materials. 2 at temperature T = 23 ° C, Curie temperature Te> 60 ° C.
    More particularly, those whose characteristics are: saturation field Bs <0.5T at temperature T = 23 ° C., coercive field Hc <1000 kA / m at temperature T = 23, will be described as "weakly ferromagnetic". ° C, maximum magnetic permeability Pr <10 at temperature T = 23 ° C, Curie temperature Te> 60 ° C.
    More particularly, those whose characteristics are: saturation field Bs> 1 T at temperature T = 23 ° C., coercive field Hc> 3000 kA / m at temperature T = 23 °, will be described as "strongly ferromagnetic". C, maximum magnetic permeability Pr> 50 at temperature T = 23 ° C, Curie temperature Te> 60 ° C.
    "Paramagnetic" materials will be called materials having a relative magnetic permeability of between 1.0001 and 100, for example for spacers interposed between a magnetic material and a magnetically permeable antagonistic component, or alternatively between two magnetic materials, for example a spacer between a component and a polar mass. For example, weakly paramagnetic materials are: aluminum, gold, brass or the like (magnetic permeability less than 2).
    Diamagnetic materials will be called materials of relative magnetic permeability less than 1 (negative magnetic susceptibility, less than or equal to -10 "5), such as graphite or graphene.
    Finally, we will call "soft magnetic" materials, not to say non-magnetic, especially for shielding, materials having high permeability but high saturation, because we do not want them to be permanently magnetized: they must drive the field as best as possible, so as to reduce the field to their outside. Such components can then also protect a magnetic system from external fields. These materials are preferably chosen to have a relative magnetic permeability of between 50 and 200, and with a saturation field greater than 500 A / m.
    Materials qualified as "non-magnetic", for their part, have a relative magnetic permeability very slightly greater than 1, and less than 1.0001, as typically silicon, diamond, palladium and the like. These materials can generally be obtained by MEMS technologies or by the "LIGA" process.
    The invention relates to a watch tree 1, for a mobile 10, and optimized for the operation of this mobile 10 in an environment where there is a residual magnetic field in a preferred direction of magnetization DAR
    In a preferred embodiment and described hereinafter in detail and illustrated by the figures, this mobile 10 is a pendulum. The person skilled in the art will be able to extrapolate the invention to other watchmobiles for which he wishes to avoid the influence of a residual magnetic field.
    The geometry of a standard balance shaft 1, relatively standard in the watch industry, is not optimized to limit its magnetization under an external field. In fact, the median part 6 of the shaft 1, having a larger radius RMAX, is strongly magnetized by a magnetic field orthogonal or oblique with respect to the direction of the pivot axis D. Because of this magnetization, in presence of an environmental field (external field or created by the magnetized components of the movement or the watch), the shaft 1 is subjected to a large magnetic torque.
    The rocker 10 is part of an escapement mechanism 20, in a movement 30 of a watch 40.
    The invention proposes to modify the geometry of the balance shaft 1, by modifying the aspect ratio of the so-called projecting portion 11, which is the part of larger radial size of this balance shaft, in him. giving, in projection on a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the shaft 1 of the balance 10, a shape ratio very different from 1, preferably greater than or equal to 2.
    The idea is to reduce one of the two dimensions x or y (in projection in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D), the simplest way is to locally limit the shaft 1 by two surfaces 14, 15, substantially parallel to the axis D, which surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably two planes parallel to the axis D; indeed, if the surfaces, especially the planes, are not parallel, then there remains a larger part which can be magnetized more than the rest. These two surfaces 14 and 15 are preferably very close to each other, to reduce the magnetization in this direction, and to well define a single preferred direction of magnetization in the xy plane.
    The projection of this projecting portion 11 along a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis D of the balance 10, has a profile 12, which is part of a rectangle R symmetrical with respect to two orthogonal axes, of which a main axis DP according to which extends the largest dimension of this projecting portion 11. The aspect ratio is the ratio between the two dimensions of the rectangle, length LR and width LA.
    Therefore, after transformation, the balance shaft 1 has no revolution symmetry.
    According to the invention, in the rest position of the balance, this main axis DP, which extends the largest dimension of this projecting portion 11 is in the orthogonal position relative to the preferred direction of magnetization DA of the environment of the movement. This main axis DA is generally determined by bridges, bars, screws, or the like; it depends directly on the construction and generally it is quite obvious, by the examination of the form factor of the steel components near the axis; in ambiguous situations, it is sufficient to perform a finite element simulation or equivalent loads to determine it easily.
    This position called "rest" of the balance corresponds to that it occupies when the hairspring is at rest: it is the position in which the movement is the least often, but as explained in the following exposed, it is the average position and, for very intense external fields, it is the position which defines the resulting magnetization.
    In a particular embodiment, the balance plate has its largest dimension perpendicular to the exhaust line, which maximizes the surface effects in the face of volume effects, so as to minimize the magnetization in the direction of the field and hence the "compass" effects that create a disruptive couple.
    The combination of the manufacture of the shaft 1 according to such a profile 12, with the orthogonal orientation of its main axis DP relative to the preferred direction of magnetization DA, is called "magnetically optimized geometry".
    Several variants are illustrated by the figures.
    FIG. 1 shows a balance shaft 1 with a magnetically optimized realistic geometry. The widest portions, which are used as a support, have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement. This tree 1 is drawn on a conventional balance-shaft base, with spans turned pivots, supports: ferrule support, serge, plate, double tray, or others. In this example, the portion of larger diameter 11 serves to support a face of a serge 50, not shown in the figure, the shaft 1 having a bearing surface 13 of this serge; the profile 12 is here produced by machining, in particular by milling or turning, or the like, of two opposing surfaces 14 and 15, as also visible on FIG. 6, these surfaces are planar surfaces in a simplified and preferred embodiment. This variant makes it possible to convert inexpensively existing rocker shafts to adapt them to the invention, the other components of the balance, or the mechanism in which it is integrated, requiring no geometric modification.
    FIG. 2 shows a balance shaft 1 with magnetically optimized geometry schematized. The widest portions, which are used as a support, have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement. If some bearings, in particular the pivots, remain of revolution, the projection 11 is here of prismatic shape, with the antagonistic surfaces 14 and 15, and end surfaces 16 and 17 on the short sides of the envelope rectangle of the profile 12, which are all flat, in a particular embodiment. For other support functions of the balance shaft 1, other parts 11 A, 11 B, with a shape ratio greater than 1 are formed parallel to the main projection 11, and all have their main axis DP in the direction orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA. The end milling of the faces 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B, combined with the milling of the extensions of the planes 14 and 15 at these parts 11A, 11B, has the advantage of allowing the leakage of the magnetic fields, and of further reduce the residual magnetization.
    FIG. 3 illustrates an optimized alternative geometry, derived from that of FIG. 2. In this case, the longest support parts, the main projection 11, but also the other parts 11A, 11B, are cut and have cutouts 18, especially in the form of slots, to induce self-demagnetization partial absence of the external field. These cuts 18 extend in a direction parallel to the main axis DP. As before, the longest parts, used as support, have an important aspect ratio, the largest dimension being oriented with its main axis DP in the direction orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement . Preferably, the depth of the cuts 18 is greater than or equal to half the length of the portion 11 or 11A considered exceeding the average radius of the cylindrical portion of the shaft 1.
    Even if the execution delimited by surfaces 14 and 15 which are parallel planes is very favorable, in terms of the result as production cost, it should be noted that, as soon as we have a higher form ratio to 2, according to the invention, a preferred magnetization direction in the xy plane is established, which is confirmed by the finite element simulations.
    Preferably, to avoid the creation of unbalance, the shaft 1 according to the invention is symmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the pivot axis D and parallel to the direction of the main axis DP.
    The surfaces of revolution 19, including the pivots and the cylindrical body of the balance shaft may be identical to the pivots and the cylindrical body of a traditional balance shaft: the mechanical performance of the component are unaltered compared to the existing balance shafts.
    The shafts shown in the figures have a preferred direction of magnetization parallel to the main axis DP and chosen so as to be orthogonal to the direction of preferential magnetization DA of the environment of the movement (when the balance spring is at rest).
    Case of a Traditional Balance Shaft: As regards the residual effect, for a traditional balance shaft, two magnetization regimes are possible, following exposure to an intense magnetic field, especially under the influence of a powerful external static field (> 5000 kA / m), capable of saturating the carbon steel (20 AP) which is generally manufactured the balance shaft, and oriented orthogonally to the pivot axis of this tree (we neglect the case where the field is parallel to the axis, because this case does not produce significant defects in chronometry): - first case: the movement of the balance 10 stops under the external field, and the movement 30 is stopped. Since the movement stops close to its rest position (generally less than 20 °, because the shaft has a cylindrical symmetry and the spiral is non-magnetic), the remanent field in the balance shaft is oriented as the field external "seen" from the rest position. - second case: the movement does not stop, therefore the magnetization of the tree takes place dynamically: with each oscillation, the direction of the external field "seen" by the tree is modified, the field in the material undergoes several hysteresis cycles with the progressive formation (at each cycle) of a remnant field (the external field is intense, so it strongly magnetizes the tree, but, when the orientation of the tree changes, the same external field reduces and partially reorientates the created remnant field). Because of the progressive and cyclic formation of a permanent magnetization, the remanent field finally formed (after a few complete oscillations, that is to say after 0.5 s to 1 s, depending on the frequency) in the The tree will be oriented as if the tree were motionless in its middle position, that is, in its rest position (exactly as if the tree had stopped under the field).
    Independently of the arrest under field of the movement, the remanent field will preferably be oriented like the external field while the remanent field created in the environment of the movement will be oriented according to the orientation of the fixed ferromagnetic components (bars, screws, bridges), according to the direction of preferential magnetization DA.
    After the elimination of the external field, a residual magnetic torque acts on the balance shaft as on a compass needle. The operating fault depends on the symmetry of the magnetic torque with respect to the rest position of the balance (oscillation angle = O): if the torque is an odd function of the angle, the operating fault is maximum, if the torque is an even function of the angle, the walking defect is zero (but this last result is very unlikely for a traditional tree).
    Case of a balance shaft according to the invention: The residual effect for a geometrically optimized shaft 1 according to the invention is different from that observed for a traditional tree.
    The shafts 1 shown in FIG. 1 and in fig. 2 have a shape ratio of about 2. For shafts having a shape ratio of 2 or greater than 2, the possible magnetization regimes are: - first case: the movement stops under the external field. The presence of a preferred magnetization direction weakens the magnetization in the orthogonal direction. - second case: the movement does not stop, therefore the magnetization of the tree takes place dynamically: with each oscillation, the direction of the external field "seen" by the tree is modified, the field in the material undergoes several hysteresis cycles with the gradual formation (at each cycle) of a remnant field. Because of the presence of a preferred direction of magnetization, the magnetization will be: oriented in this direction, if the external field is oriented in any direction except the exact orthogonal direction; - oriented in the orthogonal direction but very weak, if the external field is oriented in the direction orthogonal to the main axis DP of the tree.
    Since the main axis DP of the shaft 1 is orthogonal to the preferred direction of magnetization DAP of the environment, for almost all possible orientations of the external field (except the orientation in the preferred direction of magnetization DAP of the environment) the resulting residual magnetic torque on the shaft 1 is an even function of the oscillation angle, which makes the residual run fault almost null.
    If the field is oriented exactly in the preferred direction of magnetization of the environment DAP, the shaft is magnetized in the same direction, therefore orthogonally to the main axis DP, but in this case its magnetization is low, less than 0.2 T, as shown in fig. 4 which illustrates the distribution of the remanent field, after magnetization at 0.2 T in the direction orthogonal to the main axis DP, of a shaft 1 optimized steel pendulum AP. The magnetic torque is, in this case, an odd function of the oscillation angle, but it is between 10 and 100 times (depending on the geometry) lower than the torque acting on a traditional tree, as visible on fig. 5, which illustrates, in the form of a graph, the comparison of the magnetic couples exerted on a traditional balance shaft according to the graph GT shown in broken lines, and on a tree 1 optimized according to the invention according to the graph GO is represented in FIG. continuous line. On the abscissa is the angle in degrees, and in ordinate the torque exerted on the balance, in mN.mm. The residual run error is then reduced by a factor between 3 and 10.
    Independently of the direction of the external field, the geometrical optimization of the shaft thus makes it possible to considerably reduce the residual running error.
    [0071] Preferably, the material of the shaft 1 is magnetically homogeneous in the simple embodiment illustrated by the figures. This particular embodiment does not exclude the embodiments where the shaft 1 is magnetically inhomogeneous.
    The invention provides substantial advantages: - increased subfield arrest field for watches with spiral, anchor body and nonmagnetic escape wheel; - reduced residual effect for watches with spiral, anchor body and non-magnetic escape wheel; - mechanical performance identical to watches of the current state of the art.
    The invention thus makes it possible to modify the geometry of the balance shaft (and not the entire pendulum), because the shaft is generally the only magnetic component, which is difficult to replace with a non-magnetic material. And it is the influence of the tree itself that must be reduced, this goal is achieved by the invention.
    It is not necessary to adapt the geometry of the components mounted on the balance shaft, because the support surfaces are maintained, even if they are locally modified by the implementation of the invention, by compared to a traditional balance.
    In short, even if one can naturally consider, around the inventive concept of the invention, different very specific constructions depending on the particular case, and especially to simplify the manufacture and fixation of components, the important thing is to apply this basic concept: it is necessary to define a preferred direction of magnetization of the balance shaft, adapted to the direction of preferential magnetization of the environment. The simplest way is to have prismatic rather than cylindrical geometry (with a form factor of 2 or more).
    To achieve this result, it was necessary to study the magnetization mechanism of a ferromagnetic component in motion, a problem that has never been attacked in watchmaking and which has been studied in the field of heavy rotary machines only. from the 2000s.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. A watch mobile shaft (1) (10) capable of being subjected to a magnetic field, and consisting at least in part of a material sensitive to magnetic fields, intended to pivot about a pivot axis (D) and having at least one protruding portion (11) of larger radius (RMAX) about said pivot axis (D), characterized in that at least said projecting portion (11) is delimited, on both sides other said pivot axis (D), by two surfaces (14; 15), which define, in projection on a plane perpendicular to said pivot axis (D), a profile (12) inscribed in a rectangle (R) whose ratio from the length (LR) to the width (LA) defines a shape ratio that is greater than or equal to 2, the direction of said length (LR) defining a main axis (DP).
    [2]
    2. Shaft (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one other portion (11 A) having, in projection on the plane perpendicular to said pivot axis (D), a rectangular profile delimited on two sides antagonists by said two surfaces (14; 15).
    [3]
    3. Shaft (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the parts (11,11 A) of rectangular profile delimited on two antagonistic sides by said two surfaces (14; 15), that includes shaft (1), has at least one cutout (18) centered on said pivot axis (D) and extending along a main axis (DP) which is the length of said rectangle (R).
    [4]
    4. Shaft (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said two surfaces (14; 15) are symmetrical with respect to said pivot axis (D).
    [5]
    5. Shaft (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said two surfaces (14; 15) are flat and parallel to said pivot axis (D).
    [6]
    6. Mobile watch (10) comprising a shaft (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, said shaft (1) being steel, said mobile (10) oscillating around a rest position defined by a rest plane passing through said pivot axis (D), characterized in that, in said rest position of said mobile (10), said main axis (DP) occupies a predetermined angular position relative to said rest plane.
    [7]
    7. mobile (10) timepiece according to claim 6, characterized in that said shaft (1) made of steel, has a saturation field of value (Bs) greater than 1 T, a maximum magnetic permeability (pR) greater than 50, and a coercive field (Hc) greater than 3 kA / m.
    [8]
    8. Mechanism (20) comprising a mobile (10) according to claim 6 or 7, biased to said rest position by elastic return means that comprises said mechanism (20), said mechanism (20) having a magnetization direction preferential (DA), and characterized in that, in said rest position, said main axis (DP) is orthogonal to said preferred magnetization direction (DA).
    [9]
    9. Mechanism (20) according to claim 8, characterized in that said mechanism (20) is an escape mechanism, and in that said mobile (10) is a pendulum brought to said rest position by at least one spring -spiral constituting said elastic return means, and in that said shaft (1) is the shaft of said balance.
    [10]
    Clockwork movement (30) comprising at least one mechanism (20) according to one of claims 8 and 9.
    [11]
    11. Watch (40) comprising at least one watch movement (30) according to claim 10, and / or comprising at least one mechanism (20) according to one of claims 8 and 9.
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    EP2979140B1|2017-10-25|
    EP2979140A2|2016-02-03|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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